Providers, interceptors and filters are excellent mechanisms to bring pluggability and cross-cutting concerns to JAX-RS. By default these artifacts are applied globally to all available JAX-RS resource methods. This is probably fine for the most part but in some cases it's useful to have a bit more control over where filters and interceptors are applied. Fortunately, JAX-RS 2 has two mechanisms to facilitate this - named and dynamic bindings. Named bindings are much like binding CDI interceptors in that it is declarative and static - you get to choose in a loosely coupled, type-safe fashion where you want a binding to occur but you can't change bindings at runtime. Dynamic bindings as the name implies gives you a much greater degree of flexibility. You can choose at runtime in a completely programmatic fashion where bindings should occur. The trade-off is that dynamic bindings are a bit more complex and verbose. Michal Gajdos explains both named and dynamic JAX-RS 2 provider bindings in a fairly brief but excellent blog post.
Towards the bottom of the post, Michal has links to the Jersey docs that is a great resource for understanding the concepts of providers, interceptors and filters in a general sense.
