By Neal Ford

Lots of developers want to use Agile development technique but don't know where to start. This session discusses how to get started with Agility, the key benefits you can expect, and the pitfalls to avoid.

There's the perfect world, and then there's the world you have to live in. Lots of organizations would like to reap the benefits of Agile development techniques but don't know how to get started. This session discusses the key benefits you can derive from Agile software development so that you can decide for yourself how many agile techniques will work within your organization. I discuss project planning and estimation, how to benefit from pair programming when you aren't allowed to pair, how to measure your progress, and other project milestones. Agile software development isn't just an unrelated set of activities, it is a discipline. Once you understand the component parts of the discipline, you can apply them to your less-than-perfect world.

Key Session Points

• What makes Agile tick?
• Flavors of agility
• Selectively applying agile practices
• Enforcing code quality
• Measuring progress
• Iterating over the waterfall
• Lessons learned

By Neal Ford

This session describes the use and workings of Selenium, the open source web user interface testing tool.

Selenium is one of the most powerful functional testing frameworks to come from the open source world in a long time. This session covers all aspects of Selenium, starting from its origins as an internal user-acceptance testing tool through testing Ajax applications. This session covers Selenium functionality, syntax of the test scripts (both HTML and the scripting language), keywords, testing techniques, recording tests, creating extensions, and testing Ajax applications. Selenium is the premiere testing tool for Ajax, so I show several examples of the power of Selenium combined with Ajax.

Key Session Points

• Selenium origins and background
• Installation
• Building tests
• API overview
• The Selenium IDE
• Testing Ajax Applications
• Future directions

By Neal Ford

Is Service Oriented Architecture the next wave of distributed computing or just the same old crap in a shiny new package? This session provides an overview of what most people agree is the definition of SOA. I talk about SOA, ESB, CORBA, your MOM, and a bunch of other acronyms.

This session is a pragmatic look at SOA from a developer perspective, including such (never talked about) topics like tranports, granularity, versioning services, transformations, and whether you should be doing this or not. I show lots of slides with diagrams and talk about how to evolve towards an SOA. SOA can work if you ignore the hype and focus on the real meat: building loosely coupled message-based applications. This session discusses just that.

By Neal Ford

This session discusses techniques and tools for debugging enterprise applications (without using System.out.println()!)

It's an interesting dilemma – we have the best tools for software development ever, yet developers are still debugging enterprise applications using ystem.out.println()! This session discusses techniques and tools for debugging enterprise applications. It shows how to perform remote debugging through all the major IDEs, either on the same machine or across a network. It also shows how to debug using the command-line jdb debugger (the only one guaranteed to always be available).This session shows how to debug web, EJB, and lightweight enterprise applications. It discusses class loaders, interactive enterprise debugging with Groovy, and how to automate repetitive tasks using JWebUnit and Selenium, making the computer do work for you instead of vice versa (how many times do you have to walk multiple pages through a web application to get to the point where you can debug it?). This session shows you how to automate these and other common debugging tasks. The goal is to make hunting and eliminating bugs in complex applications much easier.

Key Session Points: • Setting up remote debugging in IDE's    o Eclipse    o IntelliJ • Effective remote debugging • When it's all you've got: jdb and enterprise applications • Forensic debugging using loggers • Debugging web applications    o Inspector    o Bookmarklets • Debugging EJB • Debugging in lightweight frameworks • Interactive Debugging with Groovy • Automating debugging tasks    o JWebUnit    o Selenium

By Neal Ford

Regular expressions should be an integral part of every developer?s toolbox, but most don?t realize what an important topic it is. Regular expressions have existed for decades, but many developers don't understand how to take full advantage of this powerful mechanism, either through command line tools and editors or in their development.

This session shows how to fully exploit regular expressions. It begins with the basic premise of how regular expressions work, then shows how to take advantage of the RegEx library built into the Java platform. This session shows how to use wildcards, escape characters, meta-tags, character class operators, look-aheads/look-behinds, and how to use the greedy operators effectively. It covers regular expressions from the beginning through to advanced usage, both in Java and in tools that support regular expressions. This session is packed with real examples of regular expressions (including a game show with no fabulous prizes).

Key Session Points:

Common Regex mistakes

By Neal Ford

This session shows how to use Java as the building block for domain-specific languages. It discusses the next revolution in programming: language-oriented programming and the nascent tools that support it.

If you look at the way advanced programmers in highly dynamic languages (like Lisp, Smalltalk, Ruby, etc.) work, they tend to build domain specific languages on top of their low-level language. The language syntax itself becomes building blocks for languages that are highly specific to their problem domain. It’s not as easy to apply this technique to a static language (like Java), but it is possible. This session shows how to use Java as the building block for domain-specific languages. It discusses internal and external DSLs, with pros and cons for each. This session progresses from creating an internal DSL using Java syntactic elements as keywords through using compiler-building tools to create your own external DSL arriving ultimately at the new tools that allow you to build, edit, and deploy external DSL (language workbenches). This session covers the theory and practice of building DSL's and why this is an important step in the evolution of programming paradigm. It shows tools that are available now to build DSL's and discusses tools on the horizon that will make this much easier.

Key Session Points: 1. Why Dynamic languages? 2. Building domain languages 3. Language-oriented Programming    a. Internal DSLs    b. External DSLs 4. Internal DSL    a. Characteristics    b. Advantages    c. Disadvantages 5. External DSL    a. Characteristics    b. Advantages    c. Disadvantages 6. Case Study: Building your own language    a. Building the parser    b. Building the lexer    c. Abstract Syntax Trees 7. Parsing other languages    a. Parsing Java    b. Parsing HTML, JavaScript, and others 8. Language Workbenches    a. JetBrains MPS in Action

By Mark Richards

The new EJB 3.0 spec (JSR-220) offers some great improvements over the prior EJB specs in terms of development simplicity and new features. In this session we will take a look at the new EJB 3.0 spec and the new Java Persistence API. Included in this session will be a discussion about Java metadata annotations, simplification of enterprise beans (session and message-driven beans), interceptors, changes in transaction processing, and how the new Java Persistence API works. During the session I will be demonstrating how the EJB 3.0 spec differs from the EJB 2.1 spec through code example comparisons. I will also be discussing how the new Java Persistence API compares to related Java persistence options and whether we should be excited about the new persistence API or (yawn) sticking with what we have.

Agenda - Introduction - EJB 3.0 New Features Summary - Java MetaData Annotations – no more ejb-jar.xml? - Constructing and accessing an EJB 3.0 Session Bean - EJB 3.0 Transactions - Interceptors and use of the @AroundInvoke annotation - Entities and the Java Persistence API

By Mark Richards

Tired of dealing with EJBs but cannot use other frameworks like Spring? How would you like to replace all of your remote Stateless Session Beans with POJOs and still access them remotely within Java EE? By using the Java EE Command Pattern we can write EJBs as POJOs and solve many of the issues facing EJB, including testability, configuration complexity, and performance, and still remain within the boundaries of the Java EE container. The Java EE Command Pattern is a simple pattern that can significantly reduce the complexity of large-scale Java EE enterprise applications. In this session we will explore the numerous issues facing a typical EJB architecture and learn how the use of the Java EE Command Pattern can solve these issues. We will walk through the different design alternatives and see how the command pattern is implemented in both EJB3 and in Spring. Through interactive coding examples you will learn what components make up the Command Pattern framework and what simple coding changes are required to convert a complex remote EJB-based application to a much simpler remote POJO-based application.

Agenda - Issues with J2EE - Java EE Command Pattern Introduction - Java EE Command Pattern Core Components
- The Command Pattern Framework Implementation (EJB) - The Command Pattern Framework Implementation (Spring/RMI) - Applying the Command Pattern to a Typical EJB Application

By Mark Richards

There has been a significant amount of buzz in the community and industry about the definition and role of an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB), particularly within the area of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). In this product-agnostic high energy session we will take a step back and consider whether we really need an ESB. Through real-world application and architecture scenarios we will see where an ESB would be helpful and where it would be overkill. We will take a look under the hood and find out just what an ESB is really doing, and take a quick look at JBI (JSR-208) and see the impact it has on the ESB worls. Then, using product-agnostic coding examples we will learn what an Enterprise Service Bus is supposed to do, then answer the question about whether the ESB is just a bunch of hype or if we really need it.

Agenda - Introduction - Handling Distributed Services Today - ESB Alternatives - Services - ESB Capabilities - Rolling Your Own: Possible Java Implementations - ESB Use Cases - JBI (JSR-208) - Summary and Q&A

By Brian Sletten

Imagine the simplicity of REST married to the power of Unix pipes with the benefits of a loosely-coupled, logically-layered architecture. If that is hard to imagine, it may because the architectures available to you today are convoluted accretions of mismatched technologies, languages, abstractions and data models.

NetKernel is a disruptive technology that changes the game. It has been quietly gaining mind share in the past several years; people who are exposed to it don't want to go back to the tired and blue conventions of J2EE and .NET. Not only does it make building the kinds of systems you are building today easier, it does it more efficiently, with less code and a far more scalable runway to allow you to take advantage of the emerging multi-core, multi-CPU hardware that is coming our way.

Come see how this open source / commercial product can change the way you think about building software.

NetKernel makes the things you are doing now easier, but also makes new types of systems possible.

A wise man once said, "XML is like lye. It is very useful, but humans shouldn't touch it." If you've had to incorporate XML into your project by hand, you have probably been burned by getting too close. NetKernel turns this wisdom on its head and encourages you to use XML like the liquid data stream you want it to be.

But, XML is only part of the story. Resource-oriented computing is a generalized and revolutionary approach to modern, flexible systems. There is less code to write, but it is more fun to do. Orchestration of existing services and data sources is faster, easier and more encompassing than with more conventional technologies.

This talk will help explain what NetKernel is (app server? pipeline tool? embedded SOA?) and, through a comprehensive set of examples, give you a glimpse at a deeper software reality than you might have thought possible.

Disclaimer: There will be no blue pills given to you to make you forget what you have seen. Come with an open mind.

By Brian Sletten

Just as the world is feeling comfortable with the Web, Tim Berners-Lee et al inform us that what we have seen so far is just the beginning. His original plans at CERN were larger and grander. The Semantic Web is the new vision of machine-processable documents and metadata to improve search, knowledge discovery and data integration and management. While there are many naysayers chiding such grand visions, there are also pragmatic and useful technologies emerging that can be applied today.

Attendees will learn:

The history and motivations behind the Semantic Web The technology stack that will make it happen (including RDF and OWL) An overview of tools and technologies that are beginning to satisfy the vision

This talk stands on its own, but feeds into the "Experiencing the Semantic Web" talk which is more hands on.

Rating: Intermediate
Prerequisites: This is all so new, most engineers will find something to excite them.

By Brian Sletten

If you attended the "Introducing the Semantic Web" talk or have been paying attention, you understand where much of the current Web falls down. By building on languages like RDF and OWL our software will be able to do more for us to improve search and knowledge discovery. This talk is a more hands on introduction to using the core technologies of the Semantic Web for managing, storing querying and inferencing over metadata.

The audience will learn about

• The technology stack used by the Semantic Web including RDF, RDFS, and OWL
• Tools and technologies for creating, storing, manipulating and querying this data using the new SPARQL
• Managing and debugging ontologies
• Converting non-RDF data sources into RDF
• Using reasoners and inference engines to derive facts that are not explicitly stated

By Venkat Subramaniam

You have worked on software projects with varying degree of success. What were the reasons for the success of your last project? What were the reasons for those that failed? A number of issues contribute to project success - some non-technical in nature. In this presentation the speaker will share with you practices in a number of areas including coding, developer attitude, debugging, and feedback. The discussions are based on the book with the same title as the talk.

In this session you will learn about practices beyond what well know methodologies prescribe. While we reemphasize some popular practices, we will also discuss other often overlooked, but important practices - practices that contribute to success of projects.

By Venkat Subramaniam

Refactoring is one of the core practices in Agile Software Development. Refactoring is based on some core principles that apply to more than writing good code. But, what's refactoring? Why should you do it? How do you go about doing that? What tools are available to successfully refactor your App?

In this presentation we will address each of these questions. We will take an examples based approach to look at code that can benefit from refactoring. We will discuss how to identify a case for refactoring. Then we will use tools to help us refactor.

By Venkat Subramaniam

Portals and Portlets allow you to personalize your web application. However, developing and deploying portlets across different portals can be a challenge. What is WSRP and JSR-168. How are these related and how are these different? Are these competing technologies or do they work with each other?

In this presentation we will introduce you to these standards and related technologies. We will take an example based approach. We will take closer look at tools and techniques for portlet development.

By Venkat Subramaniam

Rule based programming allows us to develop applications using declarative rules. These can simplify development in applications where such rules based knowledge is used for decision making.

In this presentation we will take a look at the tools and techniques for developing rule based applications. We will take a look at open source tools, discuss their strengths, capabilities, and limitations.

By Venkat Subramaniam

As a Java developer, you have taken the time to learn the basics of the language and relevant parts of its rich API. However, you need more than that to develop serious industrial strength applications. In this presentation, the speaker will introduce you to a number of open source tools which you can use to improve your application quality and your development process.

Instead of simply going through a laundry list of tools available, the speaker will engage you with motivation to use these tools, and show examples of their practical use.

We will start by looking at tools for unit testing and creating mock objects. We will then take a look at tools that will help you to ensure certain performance of your critical code.

You know writing good code is more than simply using an OO language. We will look at tools that will help you with code metrics, so you can analyze, and refactor your code to reduce coupling and undesirable dependencies.

But, what about hidden critical errors in your code, like synchronization problems that may potentially lead to deadlocks? We will look at how you can use open source tools to proactively eliminate these from your code.

Finally, we will look at tools available for automating your project and getting extreme feedback though out the development cycle.

By Venkat Subramaniam

A number of new features have been introduced in Java. What benefit do these features offer you. Are there issues with using these features. For instance, when should you use annotation? The objective of this presentation is not simply to introduce you to the features, but to the effective use of these as well.

We will take a close look at a number of features that you will be expected to know well when you program using Java 5.

By Scott Davis

Mark Twain once said, "Everyone talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it." Do you feel the same way about Unit Testing? Are you actively testing your code, or are you just thinking about testing your code... some day... once you get some more free time...

Unit testing offers benefits beyond the obvious. A happy side effect of writing unit tests is that your code ends up being better architected. By forcing you to be a consumer of your own code outside of the context of the main application, you end up seeing your code in a different light. Hidden dependencies get flushed out early. Good unit tests force your code to be more loosely coupled and highly cohesive.

This presentation is a survey of the testing ecosystem. A good testing infrastructure should include more than just JUnit. Cobertura, a test coverage tool, shows you how much of your code base is being tested. Writing test cases in Groovy adds a measure of flexibility that makes working with XML (and string data in general) a piece of cake. EasyMock allows you to test interfaces instead of implementations (and also avoid having to hand-code and maintain your own mock objects). We'll also look at functional testing libraries like HttpUnit, DbUnit, and JUnitPerf that allow you to test how your code behaves out in the wild, interacting with real subsystems instead of just mocks.

Most importantly, you'll see these tools live in action -- real code examples instead a simple slideware overview. Rather than looking at each tool in isolation, you'll see how they interact and complement each other. Rather than just talking about testing, we'll (finally) do something about it.

By Scott Davis

Frameworks? We don't need no stinkin' web frameworks. OK, so maybe that's overstating the case. Web frameworks do plenty of good things, but sometimes they can also be golden handcuffs. Too many web developers fall into the trap of thinking, "If it can't be done by my web framework, then it simply can't be done."

This presentation focuses on the cool things that you can accomplish by stepping out of your web framework and getting closer to the underlying technology. We'll take a detailed look at what really goes on during the request/response cycle, and how new techniques like AJAX allow you to break the mold. We'll look at the clever things you can do with MIME types, User-Agents, and HTTP Headers in general.

Old technologies like CSS, DOM, and JavaScript are experiencing a renaissance under the guise of new names like DHTML and AJAX. Google Maps and GMail are literally redefining our expectations of how rich a web application can be by using these technologies to their fullest potential. Come see what makes these sites tick, and how you can utilize the same techniques in your own site.

By Scott Davis

In this talk, we'll survey the web services exposed by leading websites (Google, Yahoo, Amazon, eBay) and discuss how they are driving the AJAX revolution. You'll see examples of RESTful, SOAP, and JSON web services, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each.

Everyone seems to be talking about AJAX and Web 2.0 these days. While the UIs of AJAX-enabled websites such as Google Maps and Flickr are undeniably cool, they wouldn't exist without a strong SOA/Web Services infrastructure behind the scenes.

"Web Services" is an overloaded term. While SOAP is a mainstay in the web services world, there are other equally valid flavors (REST, JSON) that accomplish the same goal -- decoupling the data from the presentation layer, the platform, and even the programming language used.

Rather than talking about web services in the abstract, this talk shows examples of each flavor of web services as it is used in the wild by leading web companies. They have all taken slightly different approaches to the same problem. We'll compare and contrast their public-facing offerings.

There is no one "right way" to expose your API via web services. After this talk, you should have a better idea of the relative strengths and weaknesses of each variant.

By Scott Davis

How do you get started with an Agile development methodology? Everyone has been talking about eXtreme Programming for years, but how do you get it introduced to your team? Many times, you're not simply transitioning from from one methodology to another -- you're introducing a methodology for the first time. Adding structure to a previously unstructured endeavor. Adding a touch of discipline where programmers once roamed free.

This presentation talks about how to introduce Agile practices slowly. Think of it as refactoring your team iteratively. If you drop 25 new "best practices" on developers all at once, the chances of getting any of them to stick is slim. If you start with one practice and get buy-in on it, sneaking in the next one (especially if it is complementary) is far easier.

• starting with source control
• easing into iterations with XPlanner
• is your team ready for pair programming?
• writing your first unit tests
• evaluating your code base for unit test coverage

By Scott Delap

Rich client application development using Java can be intimidating giving the vast flexibility in application design and structure. It also can be frustrating to create the large number of support services (persistence, menus, event and job frameworks) that a large scale rich client applications needs. The Eclipse Rich Client Platform is one project attempting to solve these issues by providing a core infrastructure that not only provides the day to day services a rich client application developer needs, but also providing a suggested path to guide you down the road of designing your application. This presentation introduces both the Eclipse RCP and the tools provided by the Eclipse IDE that assist developers in writing RCP apps.

Rich client application development using Java can be intimidating giving the vast flexibility in application design and structure. It also can be frustrating to create the large number of support services (persistence, menus, event and job frameworks) that a large scale rich client applications needs. The Eclipse Rich Client Platform is one project attempting to solve these issues by providing a core infrastructure that not only provides the day to day services a rich client application developer needs, but also providing a suggested path to guide you down the road of designing your application. This presentation introduces both the Eclipse RCP and the tools provided by the Eclipse IDE that assist developers in writing RCP apps.

How can a RCP Framework help my application? Menus Events Jobs etc.. Introducing Eclipse RCP The base of the Eclipse IDE Actively Developed Leveraged By Many Projects ... Eclipse RCP Services Plugins Core based on OSGi Extensions Menus/Toolbars/Actions Jobs View Framework Tools Support Plugin Editors Product Definition ... Deployment One Click Webstart Deployment Support Multiple Platforms

By Scott Delap

Too often, Swing applications are slow, ugly, and hard-to-maintain. It turns out that it doesn't have to be this way. Swing can be used to create highly-responsive, beautiful applications that are very maintainable. If this isn't consistent with your own experience, don't feel bad; its not very obvious how to make Swing sing.

In this session, I explore three topics that lead to much better Swing applications:

• Proper Swing threading
• High-quality third-party Swing look-and-feels
• Good practices for coding Swing applications

In the threading portion of the session, I explain Swing's event handling architecture and its implications for Swing applications. Understanding this topic is crucial to creating highly-responsive Swing apps. I demonstrate how to use this knowledge in the form of many live-coded examples, and I show how frameworks like SwingWorker and FoxTrot can make this easier. Java's default look-and-feel, Metal, is awful (and in my opinion, the "Ocean" theme in JDK 5.0 doesn't do enough to improve it); you should stop using it immediately. But creating good-looking applications is sadly more than slapping in a look-and-feel; you must also take care to understand the principles behind attractive layouts. I spend the second part of this session exploring how to make your Swing applications look great through a combination of third-party look-and-feels and layout techniques.

By Scott Delap

Today's users are beginning to demand richer and richer application experiences. Plain html pages simply don't cut it anymore. Applications like Google Maps (Ajax) and Yahoo Maps (Flash) show how the UI experience can be pushed to the next level. As an IT manager, how do you decide which route to take however? Should you use Ajax because it is the new "it" technology. Is Flash a viable option with its 95%+ browser availability? Perhaps Java deployed through web start is really the best choice in contrast to what the buzz would lead you to believe. This presentation takes a look at these three core rich client technologies from both deployment/user experience and ease of development perspectives.

Today's users are beginning to demand richer and richer application experiences. Plain html pages simply don't cut it anymore. Applications like Google Maps (Ajax) and Yahoo Maps (Flash) show how the UI experience can be pushed to the next level. As an IT manager, how do you decide which route to take however? Should you use Ajax because it is the new "it" technology. Is Flash a viable option with its 95%+ browser availability? Perhaps Java deployed through web start is really the best choice in contrast to what the buzz would lead you to believe. This presentation takes a look at these three core rich client technologies from both deployment/user experience and ease of development perspectives.

Meet the Players Java Swing Swt Example Apps Ajax Ajax 101 Example Apps Flash Flash 2006 Laszlo Flex Example Apps User Experience Java Ajax Browser Issues Back/Forward Hyperlinks Flash Deployment Java Web Start Ajax Cross Browser Issues Flash Development Java Tool Support Http Invocation UI Libraries Swing Swt Ajax XMLHttpRequest XML DOM's Javascript Can Struts Developer's Get This? Flash Laszlo Flex Playing Nice in the Browser Conclusions Applications that Work Well with Java Applications that Work Well with Ajax Applications that Work Well with Flash

By Justin Gehtland

The Spring framework is one of the fastest growing open source frameworks. New job postings are gaining rapidly, and many customers are adopting Spring instead of heavier alternatives. In this session, we’ll introduce Spring. You’ll see how Spring can give you much of the power of EJB, without the complexity or pain.

Spring uses concepts like dependency injection and aspect oriented programming to ease standard enterprise development. Spring developers write plain, ordinary Java objects (POJOs), instead of sophisticated components. In this session, you’ll see a basic Spring application. You’ll also see some details about some of the enterprise integration strategies, including:

• Spring AOP • Transactions • Persistence • Model/view/controller

When the session is over, you won’t be an expert, but you should have a much clearer understanding of what Spring does, what it doesn’t do, and why it’s growing so rapidly.

This session, for the Spring beginner, helps you: • Understand dependency injection and inversion of control • Know the meaning of lightweight containers and Spring • Understand the basic pieces of Spring • See core Spring modules in action, including Persistence, AOP, transactions.

Attendees need not know anything about Spring. This session does talk about integration with core J2EE frameworks like JDBC and transactions.

By Justin Gehtland

Dependency Injection (DI) is the cornerstone of Spring. The core concept is quite simple, but (surprise!) actual practice can become complex. To take full advantage of Spring DI, you need to understand not only the basics on configuration, but also the container lifecycle model and the various hooks provided by the framework.

Topics will include

The difference between DI and Continuous Integration

Setter Injection

Constructor Injection

Factory Injection

Bean lifecycle

Method Injection

Using the ApplicationContext

Custom PropertyEditors

By Justin Gehtland

Spring offers developers a simpler, more robust method for configuring applications. These benefits extend to security through the ACEGI framework. ACEGI makes the otherwise daunting task of securing your application logical and straightforward. More importantly, through its support for single sign-on provision through Yale's CAS system and its ability to provide instance-level authorization, Spring extends the common security model of most J2EE apps beyond what they are traditionally capable of.

In this session, we'll explore:

• configuring ACEGI to authorize against an in-memory user list, a database, and a JAAS login module

• page level authorization

• method level authorization

• instance level authorization

• forcing HTTPS connections to secured sites

• impersonation using the RunAsManager

By Justin Gehtland

Ajax applications have unique architectural challenges and opportunities. This presentation will show you how to take advantage of the Ajax's strengths, and work around its quirks.

Topics covered will include

Selecting an Ajax toolkit

Dealing with browser differences

Handling the "Back" button

Degrading gracefully

Marshalling data

Managing XML

Minimizing roundtrips--or not!

When Ajax isn't enough

Packaging and deployment

Prior exposure to Ajax and JavaScript is very useful, but not required.

By Justin Gehtland

This presentation covers JavaScript from the perspective of an Ajax programmer. We assume that you may be using an Ajax toolkit, but still need to be able to read, modify, and test the JavaScript code in your application. You will learn the common idioms of JavaScript by looking at working code from the Ajax toolkits themselves.

All Ajax programmers need to know JavaScript. Toolkits will do some of the work for you, but your own JavaScript will differentiate your applications from others. A reading knowledge of JavaScript is also necessary when selecting an Ajax framework, and for testing and debugging applications.

We'll go straight to the interesting parts of JavaScript programming:

* Prototype-based inheritance
* Functional style
* Dynamic evaluation
* In-browser testing

We'll demonstrate these concepts using popular Ajax frameworks such as Dojo, Prototype, script.aculo.us.

By Justin Gehtland

Hibernate is easy to get started with, but can sometimes be hard to make efficient or secure. In fact, the default settings for Hibernate createapplications that will run slowly, cause unwanted round trips to the database, and may be more restrictive and/or permissive from a security standpointthan you would otherwise want.

This session will show advanced techniques for tuning performance, including: • advanced collection mapping strategies • lazy loading • cascading update management • lifecycle management • Hibernate's interceptor layer In addition, we'll examine the security considerations when using Hibernate. Often, single-credential data access isn't enough for sensitive data. We'll walk through using per-user credentials for data access, logging security information about and through Hibernate, and accessing data sources through secure application servers.

By Justin Gehtland

The Java platform is built from the ground up with security in mind. This talk will introduce the security features of the J2SE, building quickly from the basic classes to realistic examples. You will learn the core APIs: SecurityManager, AccessController, Permissions and Policy JAAS Subjects, Principals, and LoginModules

You will then see how to invoke these APIs in real application scenarios. You will learn how to: • Partition your applications to safely invoke downloaded code • Read and write Java policy files • Extend the architecture with custom permissions

By Andrew Glover

Understanding what code coverage represents, how to effectively apply it, and how to avoid its pitfalls will give you an unprecedented understanding of how unit tests may or may not be covering you from sneaky defects.

You’ve drunk the XP cool-aide and made a concerted effort to actively unit test your code. After awhile, however, you may find yourself wondering how good are those tests? Are they actually covering the code adequately? Understanding what code coverage represents, how to effectively apply it, and how to avoid its pitfalls will give you an unprecedented understanding of how those unit tests may or may not be covering you from sneaky defects. We’ll talk code based coverage and specification-based coverage and we’ll look at the tools available to gather these metrics in both the open-source and commercial worlds. Additionally, we’ll examine the notion of mutation testing and its affect on code coverage.

By Andrew Glover

It has been said that Grails is the addiction and Groovy is the drug. If you want to start building slick web applications rapidly with Grails it helps to start with a solid understanding of the Groovy language itself.

It has been said that Grails is the addiction and Groovy is the drug. If you want to start building slick web applications rapidly with Grails it helps to start with a solid understanding of the Groovy language itself. In this session, we'll go over the basics of the language by focusing on the core of Groovy. We'll look at Groovy collections, Groovy's interaction with Java, creating Classes in Groovy, Groovy's MOP and much much more. By the end, you'll be a Groovy expert ready to embrace all the language has to offer.

By Andrew Glover

What makes Groovy particularly appealing with respect to other scripting platforms is its seamless integration with the Java platform. Because it's based on the Java language (unlike other alternate languages for the JRE, which tend to be based on earlier predecessors), Groovy presents an incredibly short learning curve for the Java developer. And once that learning curve has straightened out, Groovy can offer an unparalleled rapid development platform.

What makes Groovy particularly appealing with respect to other scripting platforms is its seamless integration with the Java platform. Because it's based on the Java language (unlike other alternate languages for the JRE, which tend to be based on earlier predecessors), Groovy presents an incredibly short learning curve for the Java developer. And once that learning curve has straightened out, Groovy can offer an unparalleled rapid development platform.

The secret to Groovy's success, in this regard, is its syntax, which is Java syntax, but with far fewer rules. For example, Groovy doesn't require semicolons, and it makes variable types and access modifiers optional. Moreover, Groovy makes use of the standard Java libraries you're already familiar with, including Collections and File/IO. And, finally, you can utilize any Java library from within Groovy, including JUnit.

The fact is, Groovy's relaxed Java-like syntax, its reuse of standard Java libraries, and its rapid build-and-run cycle make it an ideal candidate for rapidly developing unit tests. But don't just take my word for it; let's see it in code!

By Andrew Glover

In the years since JUnit’s introduction, a number of frameworks have been built to enhance its utility for testing and validating XML, controlling the state of a database, testing legacy code, performance testing, and functional web testing.

Developer testing has arguably become an industry expectation due to the immediate positive affects testing code early has on software quality. It’s no surprise that Java’s JUnit framework has become the de facto standard for developer testing. In the years since JUnit’s introduction, a number of frameworks have been built to enhance its utility for testing and validating XML, controlling the state of a database, testing legacy code, performance testing, and functional web testing. In this session we’ll take a look at XMLUnit for testing XML related code, DbUnit for testing code which depends on a database, JUnit-addons for testing private methods, JUnitPerf for load and performance testing, and JWebUnit for functional web and user acceptance testing. We’ll also examine the extensibility of these frameworks in an effort to combine them into handy aggregate frameworks for performance testing of database code, scenario testing of web sites, and any other combinations we can cook up.

By Jason Harwig

With the recent popularity of AJAX, JavaScript has entered a renaissance in the last year, bringing with it both cool new features and the potential for a mess. An increased number of scripts executing in web pages can lead to embedded behaviors fighting with each other and crowding "onEvent" attributes. Most developers know that embedding script in html is not a best practice, but creating reusable and gracefully degrading libraries in JavaScript is not a widely known skill.

In this session, we'll discuss best practices for unobtrusively adding AJAX features to your HTML without conflicting with JavaScript from other developers. In addition I'll demo several examples of unobtrusive scripting.

By David Hussman

The participants of this session will become agile customers and product owners, using personas to create stories for a sample product development.

The questions around user stories are many, and the list grows larger as their popularity of increases. Many organizations are on their path to adopting stories as requirements vehicles, possibly struggling with story writing as well as finding a way to fit them into their organization. Along with writing stories, this session will cover connecting with product owners and a short review of several tools for tracking and managing user stories.

By David Hussman

This session will focus on tools and techniques for tracking an agile project plan from creation to project completion.

As agile grows, so too do the questions for how to track and communicate progress within the project community as well as to upper management and others interested in progress. We will create a simple plan in a planning tool, and run a mock project, showing how to estimate and use agile planning to communicating progress, addressing missed estimates, scope modifications, and more.

By David Hussman

The presentation will briefly discuss stories, the origin and authoring of story tests, and a demonstration of how FIT and FitNesse (FIT living within a Wiki) can be used to automate acceptance tests.

Agile communities consider stories “done” when the acceptance tests (also called story tests) are shown to the customer. Originally, this was a manual process, but in recent years, several frameworks have been created to automate this process, providing acceptance testing all the benefits of automated unit testing. One of the most popular of these if called FIT, created by Ward Cunningham.

By David Hussman

Adopting agile is different for each company, but most companies will go through some amount of change during the adoption of agile.

This session will discuss some of the most common difficulties for adopting agile and provide various plans of attack. The session will start with a listing of issues for the session participants, and some portion of the session will be dedicated to an open forum where the presenter will address the issues collected.

By David Hussman

As with many methodologies, moving agile into an organizations poses larger challenges. Before jumping in, it helps to ask a few questions before "racing toward agility". This session will provide 3 tactical steps that can help your adoption of agile.

There are many factors outside the developer world that can crash all the benefits of agile without regard to its success. This session will provide ways to select agile practices, create a transition plan for adopting agile, and bring people together before trying to adopt new techiniques that are part of agile development. Various tools and techniques will be discussed, and at least part of the session will include Q/A for the presenter to field specific questions about your organization.

By Ramnivas Laddad

A lot is happening in the field of Aspect-oriented programming (AOP). AspectJ and AspectWerkz, the two leading AOP implementations, have merged, bringing in their respective strengths. The merged version, AspectJ 5, adds many new features aimed at simplifying writing and deploying aspects. The new features include an annotation-based and XML-based syntax to define aspects, support for new Java 5 concepts, and load-time weaving. The tools support for AOP continues to improve, as well. Further, the most popular IOC framework, Spring, enables integrating aspects written in AspectJ. There is also serious discussion and preliminary work going on to support AOP right into the VM itself. All in all, there is a lot to learn about the changes in the exciting field of AOP. This session is designed to help you get up to date with all these changes.

This session provides a guided tour of the new things in the AOP world. It explains new features in AspectJ along with the practical considerations in utilizing each of them. The presentation explores the fundamental synergy between AOP and metadata to understand right (and wrong) utilization of metadata-based crosscutting. Load-time weaving (LTW) enables adding aspects to your existing applications deployed in any application server with a minimal effort. The presentation shows how to utilize LTW to improve your productivity considerably, even if you don't yet subscribe to the AOP philosophy and don't want to use AOP in production. The presentation also demos the latest AspectJ Development Tool (AJDT) in Eclipse (that has improved a lot) to make Java developers feel home when developing with aspects. The presentation includes many demos to reinforce the concepts learned, as well as give a feel for what it would be like to apply aspects written using new features.

This session is particularly targeted at developers with good familiarity with AOP concepts and the AspectJ language. It is recommended to attend the “Introduction to Aspect-oriented programming with AspectJ” session or read articles and/or books that introduce AOP and AspectJ to obtain the prerequisite.

By Ramnivas Laddad

Enterprise application development is a gold mine for applications of AOP. There are many crosscutting concerns found in a typical enterprise application, ranging from well-known security and transaction management to application- and technology-specific concerns. Using AOP leads to implementations that are easy to understand and easy to change.

This session shows how to address common problems faced by typical enterprise applications, with a focus on web applications using AOP. It will present examples of applying aspects to persistence, business, and web layer. It will show how to apply aspects synergistically with technologies such as Hibernate, JAAS, JMX and Spring. Many of the examples include reusable portions enabling them to be readily used in your own application.

This session is targeted at developers with familiarity with AOP and enterprise applications. It is recommended to attend the “Introduction to AOP with AspectJ” session or read articles and/or books that introduce AOP and AspectJ prior to attending this session.

By Ramnivas Laddad

Support for aspect-oriented programming is an important part of the Spring framework. It is the AOP support that allows keeping implementation of functionality such as transaction management and security out of your POJOs. While many developers only use aspects provided with Spring, once you understand how it all works, you can make a better use of those aspects, extend them, and write brand new aspects.

This session focuses on Spring AOP implementation. We cover topics such as Advice, Pointcuts, Advisors, proxy configuration, proxy factory bean, the autoproxy mechanisms, and the introduction mechanism. We will also examine many aspects shipped with the framework itself. While Spring’s AOP solution is sufficient in a typical enterprise application, there are situations where we need more full-fledged AOP support. Therefore, we will discuss using AspectJ with Spring and how to leverage the dependency injection mechanism with AspectJ aspects.

This session is targeted for enterprise application developers who want to gain in-depth understanding of Spring's AOP feature. After attending this session you will gain a solid understanding of Spring AOP, standard aspects shipped with the framework itself, and how to write new aspects. Some familiarity with the Spring framework, gained by attending other Spring talks or reading about Spring, is recommended.

By Ramnivas Laddad

J2EE has become the main new platform for enterprise application deployment. Good performance is an important business requirement. Supporting this requirement needs application profiling during the development phases and performance monitoring after application deployment. Come to this session to understand challenges and choices in monitoring J2EE applications.

Performance monitoring solutions must work under constraints imposed by the environment. Further, they must balance conflicting requirements such as overhead vs. richness of information. All of these need careful understanding of both requirements and solutions as well as the costs of any tradeoff decisions.

This session presents various tools and techniques available for monitoring J2EE applications. We will consider requirements of performance monitoring solutions in different scenarios. We will also discuss underlying enabling technologies such as Java Virtual Machine Profiling Interface (JVMPI), Java Virtual Machine Tool Interface (JVMTI), JFluid, JMX, design patterns, and aspect-oriented programming (AOP). During the session, we will demonstrate many of the tools and technologies discussed.

By Matthew Porter

In November 2005, WebWork and Struts developers announced a merger between the two framework to build Struts Action Framework 2.0. The resulting product will be built upon the foundation of WebWork 2.2 with a slew of new features, including a migration layer for Struts Classic. This session introduces the audience to this revolutionary framework and teaches some new concepts to those already using WebWork.

This session serves as a detailed, low-level introduction to WebWork/Struts 2.0 utilizing the QuickStart proptotyping system that allows one to build web apps without the standard code-compile-app server restart cycle. It covers the core features, including Action, Interceptors, the OGNL (Object Graph Navigation Language) expression language, and the built-in validation framework. Beyond this, more advanced features such as per-class and per-property type conversion rules, i18n localization, and the template system are covered. The audience will walk away with the knowledge to begin building WW/Struts 2.0 applications today and migrating the Struts Classic applications.

By Matthew Porter

From it's early pre-release, WebWork 2 (the core of Struts 2.0) has included Inversion of Control. This implementation, based upon interfaces, served the WebWork community well due to its simplicity; however, it lacked a number of features. Beginning in version 2.2 and continuing with Struts 2.0, the internal IoC container has been deprecated and replaced with the more powerful Spring IoC.

This session will detail how to use the WW/Struts 2.0 built-in integration with Spring, as well as when not to use it in favor of other integration methods.

By Jared Richardson

Validating a platform is hard work. We'll look at several approaches and strategies you can use to keep your platoform solid.

The platform is much broader today than it's every been before and validating a platform, whether it's hardware, an operating system or a program, is hard work. Let's look at a few strategies for creating and maintaining good automated test coverage. There are no silver bullets or easy answers, but these techniques can make a huge difference in product stability and quality.

By Jared Richardson

Throughout our software careers we learn habits from our coworkers, from books we've read, and occasionally, from conferences we attend. Much of our competence comes from the tips and tricks we pick up as we go.

In this session, learn five of the techniques I've borrowed along the way. We'll discuss The List, code reviews, code change notifications, daily meetings, and tech leads. These techniques are often abused, but when used properly they can make a huge difference in how you develop software. Take this opportunity to add these practices to your toolkit.

By Jared Richardson

Are your product designs hit or miss? Do you have trouble building a loosely coupled system? Is your code incestuous? Refactoring not an option with your code base? Tracer Bullets help keep your project out of the fire.

Tracer Bullet Development:

* helps you create great software
* lends itself to an iterative cycle
* can be used for demos early and often
* is easily refactored
* allows your teams to work in parallel
* makes a very testable system

Tracer Bullets can coexist with nearly any other development methodology. Come see how easy it is!

By Jared Richardson

a.. Do you spend more time fighting your tools than writing code? b.. Do you avoid merging your code with your teammates because of “Integration Hell”? c.. Do the same bugs keep sneaking back into your product? d.. Do your builds depend on the roll of the dice?

A good set of infrastructure tools can go a long way toward smoothing out these and other problems. Come see how to make your toolset work seamlessly in the background so you can Just Work. We'll cover source code management (SCM), build scripts, automated test harnesses, automatic builds, feature tracking and issue tracking.

As part of the session, we'll set up Subversion, create a project, and then add code for the SCM section ... just to obliterate the "it takes too much time to set up and use" argument. For build scripts, we'll add an Ant script. Let's throw in a few JUnits to demonstrate test automation, and then I'll put it all together in CruiseControl. The live demo will include breaking the build, then breaking the JUnit test, and then finally fixing it and seeing it all work.

For this first session, we'll look at Subversion, Ant, and start the Cruise Control discussion.

By Jared Richardson

This talk is a continuation of Part One of the Tools talk. During Part Two we'll cover Continuous Integration, automated testing, bug tracking, and feature tracking.

We'll set up CruiseControl and walk through it's functionality, then look at JUnit and how it fits into CruiseControl and the Continuous Intregration idea. Finally, we'll talk about tracking features and bugs.

If you don't make Part One you can still attend and benefit.

By Eitan Suez

JiBX is an open source XML data binding API for Java. JiBX is younger than most other APIs in this space (Castor XML, BEA XMLBeans, JAXB). JiBX's philosophy on data binding is that: [a] databinding should be fast, and [b] databinding frameworks should allow for the divergence and evolution of your codebase from its xml representation. JiBX excels on both counts and consequently is a practical tool for the purpose of data binding. In this session, Eitan will be covering all aspects of Dennis Sosnoski's JiBX framework.

Session Goals: To learn the JiBX API in detail. JiBX can considerably simplify the task of parsing XML content into business objects and generating XML representations of these business objects.

Prerequisites: Basic understanding of XML, but not of any of the variety of standards that build upon that foundation. Basic understanding of the Java programming language.

Session Rating: Intermediate

Category: XML/Web Services

By Eitan Suez

This talk covers the core of the Hibernate Object/Relational Mapping framework by example; that is: in a hands-on manner.

What does this mean? Two things: 1. Rather than spending 1.5 hours going from slide to slide, passively covering various aspects of the Hibernate framework, you'll be actively building a sample application, modeling, persisting, querying information using Hibernate 3.1 2. Hibernate today is a mature and rich framework consisting of many features. Discussion of features outside of the Hibernate "Core" will be sacrificed for the sake of presenting Hibernate in an active, "by example" style.

No a-priori knowledge of Hibernate is assumed. We'll cover the basics of Hibernate v3.1, XML mappings, the Hibernate Query Language (HQL), the Criteria API, custom UserType's, Components, and more! (This talk does not discuss auxiliary topics such as the EJB 3 persistence API, Annotations, or integrating Hibernate in managed (J2EE) environments).

By Eitan Suez

Join Eitan in this hands-on session on Naked Objects. This session uses the "learning by doing" approach to learning an API or framework. Naked Objects is a powerful tool that can give you a significant advantage in the development of business systems. It gives you the ability to prototype a software application so quickly that it can be performed during information gathering phases of a project. It gives you the power to codevelop the core business model of your application with a non-developer business expert at your side. No prerequisite knowledge of Naked Objects is required.

Session Goals: To learn to write software applications (possibly system prototypes) using the NakedObjects framework. Developing applications that use NakedObjects requires knowledge of the conventions and contract of this framework. NakedObjects is a fairly radical development in the domain of business software application development. Awareness of the concepts and implications of expressive systems is an important secondary goal.

Prerequisites: Basic understanding of the Java programming language and of object-oriented programming and design. Familiarity in the domain of business application software development.

Session Rating: Intermediate

Category: Architecture

By Eitan Suez

Today, the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) specification is well supported by the major browsers (Mozilla, Safari, IE). CSS has become a practical tool for web content publishers that has helped turn heavy, buggy, and hard-to-maintain web sites into lean, clean, and stylish ones. CSS is sometimes stereotyped as a technology geared for graphic designers and artists. I beg to differ: I see CSS as a refactoring tool for content publishers and one that encourages content to become more strongly semantic. Come see a developer's perspective on CSS and how it can be applied to refactor your web content.

Session Goals: To "grok" CSS. To dispell the myth that CSS is not a tool for software developers. To learn to wield CSS to produce superior web user interfaces.

Prerequisites: Prior experience with web technologies (specifically HTML) is assumed. Audience is assumed to have a programming background.

Session Rating: Intermediate

Category: Languages

By Dave Thomas

Are you frustrated by experts who can't tell you what to do, or by junior team members who refuse to see the big picture? How can you best develop careers: both yours and those of your teammates and managers? How can we learn to apply experience more effectively, and why do the many approaches designed to tame complexity actually end up increasing it?

Dave Thomas, of The Pragmatic Programmers, describes the solutions to these and other problems as he turns the Pragmatic Spotlight (and a good dose of twisted humor) on formal learning models, the Nursing profession, and streamlining sheep.

By Dave Thomas

The Ruby on Rails framework has exploded onto the scene over the last few months. Propelled by some genuine benefits, and fueled by a whole lot of controversy, Rails seems here to stay. So, is it a Java killer? (No.) Is it a great way to develop certain classes of web application? (Yes.) Does it really deliver the 10-fold increase in developer productivity that some have claimed? (It depends...)

If you can't help thinking that there must be an easier way of developing web projects, come and join us as we construct an MVC-based Ruby on Rails application using the very latest libraries and tools. You'll get a taste of Ruby, and also a feel for some of the power and productivity gains offered by this remarkable framework. You'll need a grounding in Ruby to get the most from this talk; if you're not already a Ruby developer you might want to attend the Facets of Ruby talk before coming to this one.

By Dave Thomas

The Ruby on Rails framework has unit and functional testing baked right in. In this talk we'll see how easy it is to get started with testing in Rails, and we'll explore jut how deep the testing support goes.

We'll look at the basics: unit testing models and functional testing views and controllers. But we'll dig deeper, looking at the supplied mock objects and seeing how easy it is to add our own. We'll also investigate test fixtures, using them to generate both static and dnamic test data. Finally, we'll have a quick look at performance testing.

By Dave Thomas

Ajax is becoming a requirement for new applications: it creates richer user experiences and more dynamic applications. However, doing Ajax by hand is difficult and error prone. The good news is that if you use Rails, you don't have to do Ajax the hard way.

Rails has built in helpers that support Ajax development, and comes packaged with the powerful prototype.js and script.aculo.us libraries.

Come see how Ajax can be made to work with your Rails applications as we built a very dynamic ToDo list, and see how Ajax can be made robust with a simple calculator.

By Glenn Vanderburg

With the sudden importance of Ajax, it's time to take JavaScript seriously. That means learning it the right way: looking at the fundamentals of the language and surveying its strengths and weaknesses, instead of just copying other people's poorly written examples.

JavaScript got a bum rap. It's almost universally derided among serious programmers for being a toy language, or for its strange characteristics, or bugs, or slowness, or because it's only good for adding useless window dressing to web pages.

But JavaScript is actually a very nice little language which is popping up everywhere these days (not just in Ajax apps). Sure, JavaScript is quirky, but its problems are mostly due to history, association, and misunderstanding. Especially misunderstanding. Let's face it: most developers learned JavaScript by looking at examples in web pages they found online, and few of those examples are paragons of JavaScript style. Other developers learned JavaScript from books, but the typical JavaScript book ignores the fundamentals of the language, instead focusing on examples and the fastest ways to do fancy web page tricks.

In this talk, we'll go back to the basics that most JavaScript resources omit. We'll talk about JavaScript as a language, learning its fundamental concepts and the simple rules that underlie the sometimes bewildering behavior.

By Glenn Vanderburg

Building on part 1, this talk dives deep into JavaScript's object model. We'll see how it differs from more mainstream object-oriented languages, and why. We'll explore how to hide some of those differences, as well as the reasons you might not want to. Additionally, we'll cover useful tools for JavaScript testing, debugging, and profiling.

Ajax is not the focus of this talk, but a strong foundation in JavaScript is essential for working with Ajax.

By Glenn Vanderburg

The support infrastructure for your software project is a crucial factor for success. A new generation of tools offers significant benefits over their predecessors. This talk discusses how to choose the right mix of tools for a top-shelf project infrastructure.

The support infrastructure for your software project is a crucial factor for success. Many projects waste enormous amounts of time fighting through projects without the help of good tools. Other projects are on the right track, but could be even more successful by filling some crucial infrastructure gaps or by moving to improved tools, or by implementing policies that maximize the tools' power.

This talk looks at the latest generation of infrastructure tools, what makes them better, and how to use them well. Additionally, we'll examine the role of the infrastructure on projects and identify principles that help us understand what kinds of infrastructure we need. Tools examined will include CruiseControl, Rake, Subversion, Trac, and others.

By Glenn Vanderburg

Most of the time, Java's automatic memory management works really well—it's one of the things that makes programming in Java a pleasant and productive experience, and it's nice that we don't have to worry about managing memory manually. However, although it's usually nice to ignore memory management, occasionally we have to pay close attention. Sometimes we need to take control of certain aspects of memory management. Sometimes Java programs do exhibit memory leaks, or unacceptably long garbage collection pauses, or very poor overall performance. But because Java's memory management is supposed to be "fully automatic," it can be difficult to find out what's really going on inside the VM.

Java memory management is just like most labor-saving simplifications: it works well most of the time, but for the weird edge cases when it doesn't work quite right, it can be a nightmare. This talk opens the hood, examining the inner workings of Java's memory system, including allocation and garbage collection. We'll look at how to control the memory system and interact with it, what's costly and what's not, how to tune the garbage collector and when to switch to a different GC algorithm, and other topics.

By Glenn Vanderburg

Performance myths about the Java platform abound, from the general "Java is slow", to the more specific "reflection is slow", "allocation is slow", "synchronization is slow", "garbage collection is slow", etc. Many of these myths have their root in fact (in JDK 1.0, everything was slow); today, not only are many of these statements not true, but Java performance has surpassed that of C in many areas, such as memory management.

In this class, we'll look at some common Java performance myths, identify where they came from, and explore the platform changes that have rendered them no longer true. Many common performance hacks don't actually help, and some can seriously hurt performance. The result is that clean code that follows common usage patterns generally shows far better behavior on modern JVMs than code laden with tweaks designed to "help" the JIT or garbage collector. More often than not, this well-intentioned assistance has the unfortunate effect of undermining many common JIT optimizations, resulting in slower -- not faster -- code.